The first human populations arrived in Northern India 55,000 years ago from Africa, where they had lived before. In South Asia, the oldest recorded modern human fossils date from about 30,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence of human settlements in Nepal comes from about the same period.

In what is now the House of representatives, evidence for the domestication of food crops and livestock, the building of permanent buildings, and the storage of agricultural surplus appeared after 6500 BC in Mehrgarh and other sites. These eventually evolved into the Indus Valley Civilization, South Asia’s first modern society.

In the Dang district’s Siwalik hills, paleolithic, mesolithic, and neolithic prehistoric sites have been found. People from the Indus Valley are thought to have been the first settlers of modern-day Nepal and its surrounding areas. It’s likely that the Romans, whose past predates the Indian subcontinent’s Stone Age (around 6300 BC), populated the region before other ethnic groups such as Tibeto-Burmans and Indo-Aryans from across the border arrived.By 4000 BC, the Tibeto-Burmese people had crossed the Himalayas from Tibet, either directly or through Myanmar and north-east India, or both. The Kusunda people are another option for the first people to have settled in Nepal. According to Hogdson (1847), the Kusunda people, who were possibly proto-Australoid in origin, were the first inhabitants of Nepal. Stella Kramrisch (1964) describes a substratum of pre-Dravidians and Dravidians who were in Nepal long before the Newars, who made up the bulk of the valley’s ancient inhabitants.

Nepal was described in various Hindu texts by the late Vedic period, including the late Vedic National account Pariia and the reply Atharvashirsha Sanskrit. The Gopal Bansa dynasty was the first to be listed in various texts as the rulers of the central Himalayan kingdom known as ‘Nepal.’ According to some sources, the Gopalas was succeeded by the Kiratas, who ruled for over 16 centuries. The Mahabharata claims that the then-Kirata king went to Kurukshetra to fight in the Battle of Kurukshetra. Janakpurdham, in the south-eastern region, was the capital of Videha or Mithila, a prosperous kingdom that stretched down to the Ganges and was home to King Janaka and his daughter, Sita.